What is rubella virus
Release time : 12/13/2024 08:35:20
Reye's disease is an infectious disease that is acute and respiratory.
The primary symptom is manifested on the skin, presenting as red papules of various sizes, sometimes even forming continuous patches.
If a pregnant woman has this disease during her pregnancy, it is very easy to cause fetal malformations.
What is the rubella virus? What are its symptoms, and how should it be treated? The rubella virus is a name many people are familiar with. Although it is not common for infants to contract rubella, it is still important to pay attention since it has a high contagiousness rate.
Rubella virus is generally present in the body and will die outside of it.
Despite this, the infectivity of rubella virus is still not to be underestimated.
What is rubella virus? It is a spherical enveloped virus, about 60-70nm in diameter, rough and ball-shaped. It consists of one single RNA genome and a lipid envelope, contains an electron dense core, and has two loose outer membranes.
This virus is not heat-resistant and quickly inactivates at 37℃ and room temperature; it can be preserved for a short period at -20°C, and remains stable for several months at -60°C. Viral detection can be found in nasopharyngeal secretions 7 days before the onset of rash and 7 to 8 days after its resolution. Patients with subclinical infection also have the potential to spread the virus.
Humans are the only natural hosts of the varicella-zoster virus, which is transmitted by respiratory droplets. The virus is most infectious before, during, and after the rash appears, with the highest transmission rates occurring within days of onset. Beyond nasopharyngeal secretions, the virus can also be found in blood, feces, and urine.
Rubella virus primarily causes infections during the winter and spring seasons, with cases predominantly occurring in children aged 1 to 5 years. The incidence is equal among males and females.
The mother's antibodies can protect the infant from getting sick 6 months earlier.
Today, widespread use of vaccines has led to a decrease in the incidence rate and an increase in the age at which disease occurs.
Varicella-zoster virus can survive and proliferate in the placenta or fetus, causing a chronic persistent infection with multiple systemic effects.
Primary infection during the mother's pregnancy can lead to fetal intrauterine infection through the placenta, with its incidence and teratogenicity being closely related to the gestational age at the time of infection, peaking in early pregnancy.
Rubella virus is a common respiratory infectious disease in children and it comes on quickly, but it goes away quickly too.
What are the symptoms of rubella virus? The symptoms of rubella virus can be divided into three stages: 1. The incubation period: During this period, there is no discomfort in the child, and the duration varies from 2 to 3 weeks.
2. Prodromal Stage: Prior to the rash appearance, symptoms are mild or lack a prodromal stage.
Low to moderate fever, accompanied by headache, loss of appetite, fatigue, cough, sneezing, runny nose, sore throat, and congestion at the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract.
Sometimes there are symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, hemorrhagic nosebleeds, and swelling of the gums.
Partial patients can be observed with rose-colored or hemorrhagic maculae on the pharynx and soft palate.
3. Erythema Stage: The rash begins 1 to 2 days after the onset of fever, with the rash first appearing on the face and neck, spreading within 24 hours to cover the trunk and limbs but not to the palms or soles.
The rash consists of fine, reddish-brown papules and macules, or papules and maculae, 2-3 mm in diameter, with the skin between the lesions appearing normal.
Facial and distal limb rashes are sparse, some of which coalesce to resemble measles.
The rash on the trunk and back is dense, with lesions coalescing into patches, resembling those of scarlet fever.
Rash generally subsides within 1-4 days, and during the rash phase, mild upper respiratory inflammation is often accompanied.
The patient presented with enlarged superficial lymph nodes throughout the body, particularly prominent in the occipital and cervical regions. The enlarged lymph nodes were slightly tender to palpation, non-fused, and non-infective.
Mild enlargement of the spleen.
The rash subsided, and the body temperature returned to normal, and all systemic symptoms disappeared.
The enlargement of the spleen and superficial lymph nodes subsides more slowly, often lasting for 3 to 4 weeks.
After the rash has subsided, it usually does not leave pigmentation or scabbing.
Acute febrile rash-negative rubella: This refers to the condition where some patients with rubella only present with fever, upper respiratory tract inflammation, and lymphadenopathy without any rash.
Following infection with the rubella virus, there may be no symptoms or signs; serological tests for rubella antibodies will be positive, indicating asymptomatic or subclinical infection.
Treatment of rubella virus: Once infected with rubella virus, it can cause great pain and suffering. Therefore, how to treat rubella virus has become one of the topics people are concerned about.
So, what is the treatment for rubella virus? In addition to treatment, in daily life, we should also pay attention to prevention and care measures.
Below, let us introduce the treatment and prevention measures for rubella virus.
For the treatment of rubella virus, there are no specific treatments for the virus. During the fever, it is important to rest in bed and consume warm detoxifying Chinese medicines, as well as a liquid or semi-liquid diet.
In cases with associated conditions, they can be treated according to the associated conditions.
In fact, it is primarily important to follow medical advice. In addition, in terms of prevention and care, we should ensure the following points: 1. If a rash disease child is discovered, isolation should be immediately initiated until 5 days after the onset of the rash.
2. During the epidemic of rubella, do not take susceptible children to public places and avoid contact with patients of rubella.
Protect pregnant women, especially those in the first 2-3 months of pregnancy, from contact with rubella patients.
3. The child should be rested in bed, avoiding direct exposure to the wind to prevent catching cold again after recovery from the previous illness and exacerbating the condition.
During the fever, drink plenty of water.
Diet should be light and easy to digest, avoiding fried and greasy foods.
4. Prevent scratches from causing skin punctures and infections.
The above is a brief introduction to some treatment and prevention measures for rubella virus. Hopefully, these will help everyone stay away from the harm caused by rubella virus and lead a healthier and happier life.
Rubella virus IgG positive, rubella is a viral infectious disease, which often causes generalized rash in patients. Therefore, the skin of the patient is somewhat harmed. It is very important to recognize that rubella virus antibody positive is a reference indicator for whether or not the patient has been infected with rubella virus, and it is very important to prevent rubella. RV—Ab, this test is a reference standard for judging whether the patient has been infected with rubella virus. Negative or IgG antibody <1:512.
Laboratory detection of varicella virus is done by extracting venous blood for detection of anti-varicella IgG and IgM antibodies in the body.
The peak period for rubella virus infection is from spring to early summer, and the positive rate of rubella virus antibody increases with age. Newborns can acquire rubella virus IgG antibodies through infection by an infected mother at an early age.
The lgM antibody appears around the fourth day after rash onset, peaks about 10 days later, and lasts for 6 to 12 weeks, though it may persist up to a year occasionally.
IgG antibodies appear later than IgM antibodies, gradually rise, peak at 1-2 months and then decline, which are maintained for a lifetime. 80% of the population is positive for these antibodies.
The presence of a positive IgG antibody for rubella virus indicates that you have previously been infected with the rubella virus. The IgG antibodies are a long-term immune response to the rubella virus, and once produced, they remain positive throughout life, but this does not mean you are still contagious. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly check your antibody levels to confirm that you have recovered and acquired immunity.
However, merely having a positive result for IgG antibodies to rubella virus does not necessarily indicate that one can safely conceive.
When the rubella virus IgG is positive, it must ensure that the quantitative titer of the giant cell virus IgG antibodies is negative, so as not to affect the development of the baby.
Individuals who have never been infected with measles, mumps, or rubella and have not received the vaccine for these diseases are particularly susceptible to infection. Adults can also be infected, especially women planning to become pregnant. It is recommended that they receive the vaccine at least three months before pregnancy begins. Infection during the early stages of pregnancy, particularly in the first three months, can lead to miscarriage, stillbirth, or birth defects in newborns.
Since the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) combined vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine, women should avoid pregnancy within three months after vaccination.
From the perspective of eugenics and optimal childbirth, it is essential to vaccinate against measles, mumps, and rubella. If you have the means, it's best to get vaccinated; it also serves as a form of protection for your baby.
If a woman wants to have a healthy baby, it is best to make sure of her health before she becomes pregnant. This includes the diagnosis of rubella IgG, which should be negative.
It is important to know that if a pregnant woman contracts the rubella virus IgG during pregnancy, it can cause fetal malformations.
Rubella virus IgG is more prevalent in children and adolescents. However, since pregnant women have relatively low immune capabilities, they are also at a higher risk of infection during pregnancy.
Moreover, rubella virus IgG poses greater risks to children, so it is crucial for pregnant women to pay close attention.
If you test negative for rubella IgG, it means you have never been infected with the rubella virus or received the rubella vaccine. This poses a significant risk to both pregnant women and fetuses. The rubella virus can cause fetal loss, congenital defects, delayed development, and even incomplete development, posing substantial harm to the fetus. Moreover, rubella can spread through airborne droplets, so it is advisable to maintain adequate immunity before pregnancy. Additionally, the rubella vaccine is the only one that provides long-term immunoprotection against the virus, without any lasting harm to the human body. By receiving the vaccine and developing antibodies, you will have no concerns about the fetus after six months of pregnancy. Therefore, there is no need to worry about the potential impact on the fetus from medication use during pregnancy.
However, for those who were infected with rubella virus IgG when they were young, there is no need to worry about it. Because it is a disease that one can only have once in their lifetime, if you have had the rubella virus IgG, then your body will have its antibodies.
The medical information provided in this text is for reference only.
If you experience discomfort, it is recommended to seek medical attention immediately. The diagnosis and treatment should be based on the professional medical examination conducted in person.