herpes simplex virus
Release time : 12/13/2024 15:18:16
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV, also known as HSV), the most common pathogen in humans, is the only natural host of the virus. The infection by HSV has now become one of the world's fourth largest infectious diseases.
You know, it's a lot easier to transmit the herpes virus in a crowd. It's widely found on humans, and it's mostly spread by minor cuts or close contact.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV), also known as the "cold sore herpes virus," is present in the fluids of blisters, saliva, and feces of patients, recovered individuals, or carriers. The primary mode of transmission is direct contact, but it can also be transmitted by contaminated utensils through the secretions of the oral cavity.
HSV infection has now become the world's fourth-largest infectious disease.
Herpes simplex virus is widespread globally and highly prevalent among the population. There are many individuals with latent or recurrent infections.
Patients and carriers are the source of infection for this disease.
Viruses can enter the body through direct contact with the skin or mucosa, as well as sexual contact.
Herpes simplex virus infections in newborns, children and adults are usually classified as primary infection and recurrent infection.
HSV infects a wide range of animals.
Common experimental animals include rabbits, guinea pigs, and mice.
HSV can proliferate in various cell types, and is commonly cultured using primary rabbit kidney cells, human embryonic kidney cells, and other passage-derived cell lines.
Infection cells soon show obvious cell lesions, and the nucleus contains eosinophilic inclusion bodies.
The envelopes of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 contain both viral antigens and cellular components.
People often see the descriptions of type 1 and type 2. What do these represent? Herpes simplex virus has two serological types, namely type 1 (HSV-1, HSV-1, alpha) and type 2 (HSV-2, HSV-2, alpha).
Type 1 is often associated with herpes zoster above the waist, oral herpes, and conjunctivitis. Type 2 is more frequently associated with herpes zoster below the waist and external genital herpes.
HSV-1 is primarily contracted during infancy, with the virus primarily spreading through contact. It invades skin, mucous membranes, and the nervous system.
Following primary infection, the virus can remain latent in the host for life, and may recur after being triggered by factors such as environmental or psychological stress, highlighting the important characteristics of persistent infection and recurrent episodes.
HSV-2 is more common in adults and is mainly transmitted through sexual intercourse, invading the urinary and reproductive tract
Both are capable of producing vesicular lesions and have the potential for carcinogenicity.
In addition to humans, it can infect a variety of experimental animals and cell cultures, causing typical cellular changes.
Humans are the only natural hosts of the varicella-zoster virus, and it is mainly transmitted through direct contact. HSV-I can also be transmitted via airborne droplets.
HSV-II primarily spreads through sexual contact, and during childbirth, it can directly infect newborns via the birth canal. There is no distinct seasonality, with sporadic cases being the predominant form. This virus is present in the aqueous fluids of blisters from infected individuals, saliva, and feces of asymptomatic carriers.
Introduction to Herpes Simplex Virus Infection: Herpes simplex virus infection, also known as herpes zoster, is a type of acute herpetic dermatosis caused by the infection with the varicella-zoster virus. Clinically, it is characterized by clustered blisters and has self-limiting characteristics but is prone to recurrence.
Herpes simplex virus infection, also seen in the genitals, oral cavity, eyes, ears, buttocks, thighs, etc.
Self-perceived local pruritus.
Herpes simplex is more commonly seen in adults, and the disease generally resolves within 1-2 weeks. However, it can recur easily.
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection Symptoms, particularly prevalent in skin-mucosa junctions, such as at the corners of the mouth, lips, and nasal area.
Severe infections can lead to disseminated herpes simplex, which is more common in children aged 6 months to 3 years. The symptoms of herpes simplex virus infection may also occur in patients with malnutrition, lymphoma, Wi syndrome, atopic dermatitis, severe burns, and use of immunosuppressants.
Initially presenting as severe herpetic stomatitis or vulvovaginitis, followed by high fever and convulsions, the symptoms of herpes simplex virus infection appear. The patient develops widespread vesicles throughout the body.
Symptoms of Herpes Simplex Virus Infection: 1. Early Symptoms: Lesions can occur anywhere on the skin or mucous membranes, most commonly around the mouth, lips, conjunctiva, cornea, and genital area. There is an initial sensation of burning, itching, and tension.
Subsequently, a rash appears with clustered small vesicular groups on the affected or normal skin. The blisters are clear and translucent, later turning mucoid. After rupture, there is erosion and exudate formation, followed by crusting, which may subsequently lead to secondary purulent infection. Lymph nodes near the site may enlarge. The disease course lasts for 1-2 weeks and can resolve spontaneously, leaving temporary pigmentation spots after recovery.
Typical lesions of primary HSV-1 infection include stomatitis and are most commonly seen in infants and young children. Symptoms include restlessness, refusal to eat, fever, gingival swelling, and painful oral ulcers.
Primary HSV-2 infection mainly occurs in the external genitalia, vagina, and penis, and is seen in young people. The disease is accompanied by fever, general discomfort, and swelling and pain of inguinal lymph nodes. HSV-2 infection can occur in newborns and cause severe disseminated diseases.
3. Ulcerative perianal inflammation, pneumonia, and neurological syndromes.
4. Herpes simplex virus may cause severe encephalitis. HSV-2 is also associated with aseptic meningitis and sacrococcygeal spinal nerve root syndrome, which manifests as urinary retention and constipation.
How is the treatment for herpes simplex virus? After understanding herpes simplex virus, it can't be said that we don't know how to treat it.
The treatment of herpes simplex virus is primarily symptomatic and supportive.
Let's get acquainted with it! 1. Neuropathy: Pain relievers such as aspirin, analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs, ibuprofen, New Heng Pills, etc. can be administered.
Postherpetic neuralgia requires the use of analgesics and sedatives in combination, such as doxepin 25mg orally three times daily.
Methimazole 0.2g, Dexamethasone 1.5mg, Cetirizine 2mg, three times a day by mouth; Vitamin B12 100 micrograms once a day by intramuscular injection for 10 days.
2. Local skin care treatments.
Topical applications of phenidamine acetate or calamine lotion, 3-5 times a day.
For erosion, apply a 2% gentianviolet solution or a neomycin-containing ointment.
Or ultraviolet irradiation, audio electrotherapy, laser radiation (He-Ne or carbon dioxide beam expansion), TDP spectrum radiation, etc.
3. Herpetic keratitis: HSV-A or acyclovir eye drops can be used for treatment. To prevent corneal adhesion, pilocarpine is used to dilate the pupil.
At present, the control of herpes virus infection has no specific and effective measures. It is hoped that vaccines, especially new types of vaccines such as subunit vaccines, recombinant live vaccines and DNA vaccines, will be used for research.
The vaccine has been proved to be effective in preventing primary infection, but the recombinant HSV-2 glycoprotein vaccine can induce high level neutralizing antibody but cannot protect from secondary infection.
Among the anti-HSV medications, acyclovir, ganciclovir and vidarabine are commonly used in clinic.
These drugs can inhibit the synthesis of virus DNA, make the virus cannot replicate in cell and relieve clinical symptoms, but they can not prevent recurrence of cryptic infection.
IFN is effective in herpetic keratitis.
Can a person with herpes simplex virus get pregnant? The herpes simplex virus is complex, so can someone with it get pregnant? Many doctors advise against it.
Why? It is understood that herpes simplex virus has a particularly significant impact on fetuses and newborns, with a very high rate of teratogenicity.
Numerous reports indicate that, in the early stages of pregnancy (especially in primary infections), HSV can cause fetal viral meningitis, spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, congenital anomalies, intrauterine growth restriction or premature birth, and can also manifest as an asymptomatic infection or a persistent virus state.
There was a report in the United States that 17.6% of newborns died due to oral herpes simplex virus infection, and it is essential to treat the condition before conceiving another child. It is also important not to expose newborns to individuals with herpes simplex virus.
Additionally, infection with HSV during pregnancy can lead to congenital transmission to the fetus, causing miscarriage, premature birth, stillbirth, and malformations. The mortality rate for newborns infected with HSV is high, with survivors often experiencing long-term sequelae.
However, if IgM is positive, it indicates that the pregnant woman may have recently been infected with "TORCH" (or primary infection), which could potentially cause fetal malformation; if IgG is positive, it often signifies that there has been a past infection with "TORCH", and its impact on the fetus is minimal. In China, approximately 90% of women in the reproductive age group are positive for rubella and CMV IgG.
The medical information provided in this text is for reference only.
In the event of discomfort, it is advised to seek medical attention immediately for a definitive diagnosis and treatment by a physician in person.