Treatment methods for Mycoplasma urealyticum infection
Release time : 01/18/2025 18:13:27
Ureaplasma gonorrhoeae infection is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, but can also be indirectly transmitted.
Mycoplasma urealyticum infection is primarily transmitted through sexual intercourse, commonly occurring in younger individuals during their fertile years, particularly after unprotected coitus.
Mycoplasma urealyticum can invade the urethra, cervix, and prostate glands, causing urethritis, cervicitis, and prostatitis.
Upward infections can cause endometritis, pelvic inflammation, and salpingitis, with salpingitis being particularly common.
Ureaplasma urealyticum infection can cause pathological changes in female reproductive organs, which is an important reason for infertility.
The treatment for Ureaplasma urealyticum infection generally involves the use of antibiotics effective against Chlamydia, as these drugs are also effective against Mycoplasma infections.
When necessary, tetracyclines (commonly used include tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline), terbinafine (commonly used include erythromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin, aztreonam), fluoroquinolones (commonly used include ofloxacin, levofloxacin) and macrolides (commonly used include azithromycin, clarithromycin, telithromycin) can be used for treatment of sexually transmitted Mycoplasma infection. The treatment course is 1-2 weeks.
Among them, erythromycin is ineffective against Mycoplasma hominis, and clindamycin is ineffective against Ureaplasma urealyticum.
The translation of the provided text into English is as follows: "For female pelvic inflammatory disease, consideration should be given to its multifactorial nature, and treatment should include antibiotics targeted at Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, and anaerobes. International recommendations include a combined therapy of ceftriaxone + doxycycline or cefixime/ofloxacin + gentamicin." This text is already in English, so no translation is needed. It provides information on the treatment approach for female pelvic inflammatory disease, emphasizing the need to target multiple pathogens and suggesting specific antibiotic combinations based on international guidelines.
For prostatitis caused by Mycoplasma infection, Minocycline is indicated because it can penetrate the prostate capsule and reach the concentration of drug required to eliminate Mycoplasma in the prostate.
It is worth mentioning that the etiology of prostatitis is complex, and the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment is not necessarily good. A comprehensive therapy should be adopted, and it is better to follow the advice of urological specialists in the treatment.
Recently, the problem of antibiotic resistance caused by Ureaplasma urealyticum has attracted attention from many sides. Abuse of antibiotics may be one of the important factors that lead to the antibiotic resistance of Ureaplasma urealyticum.
Resistant strains to tetracycline account for 10% -20.6%, to doxycycline are 8% -27.5%, to erythromycin are 10% -52.4% in patients with Ureaplasma gonorrhoeae infection.
Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis resistant to ofloxacin account for nearly 20%.
Additionally, there have been reports of resistance to erythromycin and azithromycin among Ureaplasma species.
Due to the increasing trend of drug-resistant ureaplasma, clinical medication should be paid attention to.
Some experts suggest that in the treatment of Ureaplasma urealyticum infection, to reduce or prevent the appearance of drug-resistant strains, a combination of 2-3 different types of antibiotics should be adopted.
At the same time, it can also be treated with traditional Chinese medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory pills.
The incubation period for Mycoplasma urealyticum infection is generally 1-3 weeks. The typical symptoms of an acute phase are similar to those of nongonococcal genitourinary infections, including dysuria, varying degrees of urgency and frequency, and painful urination, especially when the urine is concentrated.
Mild redness and swelling at the urethral opening, with a thin and scanty discharge of clear or purulent fluid. The discharge is often only visible after vigorously forcibly expelling it from the urethra. It is usually observed in the morning that there is a small amount of mucoid secretion or only a crust covers the opening, or there is an obscene underwear.
In the subacute phase, it often accompanies prostate infection, where patients frequently experience perineal swelling, lower back pain, and a sensation of discomfort in the medial thighs or during squeeze exercises.
Females are more commonly affected by cervical-centered inflammation of the reproductive system.
The majority of patients have no subjective symptoms, with a few severe cases experiencing a sensation of pelvic descent. When the infection extends to the urethra, frequent urination and urgency are the main symptoms that draw attention from the patient.
Infection is localized at the cervix, presenting with increased vaginal discharge, cloudy discharge, cervical edema, congestion, or surface inflammation.
Infection extending to the urethra manifests as a reddened and congested urethral orifice, with slight exudation of secretions upon compression. However, there is usually no significant tenderness observed.
The incubation period is 1-3 weeks, and the typical symptoms of acute illness are similar to those of other nongonococcal infections of the reproductive and urinary tract. Symptoms include painful urination, varying degrees of urgency and frequency, and burning sensation during urination, especially pronounced when the urine is concentrated.
Mild redness and swelling at the urethral opening, with a thin, watery or purulent discharge that is often difficult to force out by pressure. The discharge typically accumulates in the morning, presenting as a small amount of mucous-like secretion or a crusted covering, or may appear soiled underwear.
In the subacute phase, it is often associated with prostatic infection, where patients commonly experience perineal pain, lower back soreness, discomfort in the inner thighs, or a sensation of radiating pain from the perineum to the inner thighs during Valsalva maneuvers.
The subacute phase often coexists with prostatitis, where patients commonly experience perineal pain, lower back soreness, discomfort in the inner thighs, or a burning sensation radiating from the perineum to the inner thighs when performing Valsalva maneuvers.
The cause of Ureaplasma urealyticum infection is primarily sexual contact, but it can also be transmitted indirectly through non-clean hotel bedding and public baths, etc.
Ureaplasma urealyticum infection primarily spreads through sexual contact, commonly occurring in younger years and especially prevalent among individuals engaging in unprotected or unclean sexual activities.
When the urinary and reproductive tracts are inflamed, the mucosa surface is damaged, making it easy for Mycoplasma urealyticum to invade through the damaged area, causing urinary and reproductive tract infections.
Following ureaplasma infection, patients often exhibit no obvious symptoms, making it difficult for them to detect the condition and resulting in missed diagnoses by doctors.
Mycoplasma urealyticum can invade the urinary tract, cervix, and preputial glands, causing cystitis, cervicitis, and preputial glanditis.
Upward infections can cause endometritis, pelvic inflammation, and salpingitis, with salpingitis being more common.
The pathological changes caused by Ureaplasma urealyticum infection in female reproductive organs are an important reason for infertility.
Data from both domestic and international sources indicate that the prevalence of ureaplasma in semen and vaginal fluids of couples with infertility is as high as over 50%. This suggests a correlation between ureaplasma infection and the occurrence of infertility.
Another reason for the adverse effects of Ureaplasma urealyticum infection is miscarriage, as up to 40% of tissue samples from miscarriages have been found to be positive for Ureaplasma urealyticum.
Therefore, for inexplicable miscarriages, particularly those occurring multiple times, it should be considered that there is a possibility of ureaplasma infection.
Ureaplasma urealyticum infection can cause incomplete obstruction of fallopian tube inflammation and adhesion, which can narrow the lumen and result in obstructive congestion. This is a significant cause of ectopic pregnancy.
Mycoplasma urealyticum infection also has another source of transmission: from mother to child. After pregnancy, the increase in progesterone inhibits cellular immunity and reduces resistance, making women more susceptible to mycoplasma urealyticum infections. The perinatal infection caused by mycoplasma urealyticum is a new problem that modern obstetrics faces.
Mycoplasma Ureacilis can be transmitted vertically through the placenta, or from a pregnant woman's lower genital tract infection to ascend, causing intrauterine infection. Both can lead to a series of adverse outcomes including miscarriage, premature birth, fetal intrauterine growth retardation, low birth weight babies, premature rupture of membranes, and even death in utero.
During childbirth, the fetus is also prone to infection when it is delivered through the birth canal.
Common conditions include neonatal keratitis, followed by respiratory infections in newborns, among others such as otitis media and pharyngitis.
The Harm of Ureaplasma Uretica Infection: 1. Harm to the male reproductive system. Ureaplasma uretica is a type of prokaryotic cell microorganism, with a size between bacteria and viruses. There are three types of pathogenic mycoplasmas that can cause human diseases. Among them, Ureaplasma uretica is a common pathogen in the human urinary and reproductive tracts, and it is related to many urinary and reproductive tract infections, perinatal infections, and infertility. It is one of the pathogens of sexually transmitted diseases.
Mycoplasma urealyticum is widely distributed in nature.
Apart from humans, a variety of animals such as cats, cattle, chickens, dogs, ducks, sheep, horses, mice, monkeys, pigs, geese and insects, plants can carry and store this pathogen.
Ureaplasmas and Mycoplasmas can be passed from mother to infant through obstructed labor.
The rate of human-type mycoplasma in the genital tract of infants was 4% before one year old.
Ureaplasmas, male infants are 6%, female infants are 38%.
As we age, the mycoplasma in the reproductive tract will rapidly decrease.
The rate of urethral discharge culture for M. hominis in adolescent boys has decreased to less than 1%. In contrast, the rate of urine culture for Ureaplasma urealyticum is approximately 27%, and that for Mycoplasma hominis is about 5%.
However, after puberty, the rate of Mycoplasma genitalium isolation gradually increases, and it becomes more pronounced after sexual intercourse.
According to the report, a total of 2181 couples with infertility were examined for the presence of Ureaplasma species. Of these, 1203 had positive cultures and constituted 55.16% of the total.
Of these, 511 were male, or 42.48% of the total.
There are 692 women, accounting for 57.52% of the total.
It is evident that this pathogen is prevalently infecting sterile couples in our country.
Following urethral infection with Mycoplasma, patients may exhibit symptoms of urethritis and may subsequently develop chronic prostatitis.
Upon examination of prostatic fluid, an active and motile microbial population is observed.
Mycoplasma can continue to infect the seminal tract, epididymis, and testicles, affecting the quality of sperm and semen, thereby causing infertility.
Upon observation, it has been discovered that Mycoplasma can cause infertility through the following links.
Sperm movement is an important function of healthy sperm and a significant indicator of the ability to conceive. Moreover, sperm must move at a certain speed and frequency.
After Mycoplasma infection, the bacteria often attach to the heads and tails of sperm, making the entire sperm covered with varying sizes of attachments. This causes the swim- ing power of the sperm to be weak, and they are intertwined, resulting in infertility.
Sperm malformation rate increases, which is another characteristic of infertility caused by Mycoplasma infection.
According to clinical observation, in such patients with infertility, sperm malformation rate can be as high as 80%.
The testes contain numerous spermatogonial cells that undergo development and proliferation to form sperm.
When Mycoplasma enters the testes from the urethra, prostate, etc., it can destroy spermatogenic cells and cause the quality and quantity of sperm to decrease, which will lead to infertility.
The treatment of Ureaplasma urealyticum typically involves the combination of Western and traditional Chinese medicines.
However, some patients may find it difficult to completely return their sperm quality and quantity to normal after seroconversion.
2. Clinical data indicate that Mycoplasma urealyticum is associated with infertility, spontaneous miscarriage, stillbirth, and female reproductive tract inflammation, all of which pose a significant threat to women's health.
According to relevant data, in the common female genital inflammations, Mycoplasma urealyticum accounts for 67.6% of non-gonococcal vaginitis, and the detection rate is 67% among cases of cervicitis and vaginitis.
This indicates that Ureaplasma urealyticum is closely associated with the inflammation of gynecological diseases.
Ureaplasmas is closely related to female infertility.
According to relevant statistics, approximately 90% of women in infertile couples are infected with Ureaplasma urealyticum, while only 22% of normal women test positive for Ureaplasma urealyticum.
Ureaplasma urealyticum infection often leads to reproductive tract inflammation, causing necrosis of mucosal cells, loss of motility in the cilia of the fallopian tubes, and inhibition of the movement of fertilized eggs.
Moreover, Ureaplasma urealyticum can directly attach to the head of sperm, damaging sperm motility, interfering with normal sperm movement, and hindering the proper fusion of sperm and egg, making it difficult for patients to achieve normal fertilization.
In addition, Mycoplasma urealyticum infection is also associated with the sperm membrane, and once infected, it may lead to immunological infertility.
In infertility, the rate of chlamydia infection ranges from 55.2% to 80%.
It is worth paying attention to that ureaplasma gonorrhoeae infection in pregnant women is also very common, with reports of up to 80% in foreign countries and 55.12% in our country, which is a problem worthy of serious attention.
3. Premature birth not only endangers the mother's health but also poses a threat to the survival of the fetus.
Clinical observation has shown that once infected with Ureaplasma urealyticum, it is prone to serious consequences such as low birth weight infants, neonatal respiratory infections, central nervous system infections, and fetal death.
It should be given enough attention.
Since 80% of pregnant women carry Ureaplasma urealyticum in their reproductive tract, it can infect the fetus through the placenta, leading to premature birth or stillbirth, or infect the newborn during delivery, causing respiratory infections.
Another reason for adverse outcomes caused by Ureaplasma urealyticum infection is miscarriage. Studies have shown that the positive rate of Ureaplasma urealyticum detected in miscarriage tissues is as high as 40% or more.
Therefore, for cases of unexplained miscarriage, especially in those with recurrent miscarriages, the possibility of Ureaplasma infection should be considered.
**Translation:** 4. Ectopic pregnancy in women can be caused by incomplete obstruction due to tubal inflammatory adhesions resulting from Ureaplasma urealyticum infection. This condition leads to narrowing of the tubal lumen, resulting in partial patency, which is a significant factor contributing to the occurrence of ectopic pregnancy.
How to Prevent Ureaplasma Infection Risk factors for Ureaplasma infection include: early sexual activity, multiple sexual partners, homosexuality, multiple induced abortions, and poor hygiene and health standards.
Both partners should undergo Ureaplasma urealyticum testing before attempting to conceive. If a Ureaplasma urealyticum infection is detected, it should be treated and cured before proceeding with pregnancy.
Secondly, in the early stages of pregnancy, if the test is positive, treatment should be promptly administered to avoid harm to the fetus.
Non-pregnant women can take medications such as Minocycline and Erythromycin, while pregnant women should only use Erythromycin.
Erythromycin has minimal side effects, and Chlamydia trachomatis is a sexually transmitted disease that can also be transmitted through non-sexual contact. Therefore, it is important for both partners to pay attention to sexual hygiene, using a pH 4 weak acid formulated female hygiene product daily, and avoiding unhygienic sexual activities, which are of great significance in preventing Chlamydia trachomatis infection.
Ureaplasma urealyticum infection can cause infertility. The relationship between male infertility and Ureaplasma urealyticum is increasingly attracting attention. A study by some scholars investigated 921 cases of male infertility with Ureaplasma urealyticum culture, and found that 511 cases were positive, accounting for 55.48%. In contrast, the normal fertilization group included 132 cases, with only 25 cases being positive, representing only 18.93%.
Mycoplasma genitalium within the male reproductive system can "ride" along with sperm into the female reproductive tract, causing endometritis, salpingitis, ovitis, inflammation, spontaneous miscarriage, and intrauterine fetal death, thereby affecting a woman's fertility.
The Mycoplasma species, including Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis, are the main pathogens causing non-gonococcal urethritis. Studies have shown that the prevalence of these mycoplasmas is increasing year by year. Among them, Ureaplasma urealyticum is a common pathogen leading to intrauterine infection in pregnant women, which can cause cervical inflammation, infertility, miscarriage, premature rupture of membranes, fetal distress, etc. It also leads to complications in newborns and an increased incidence of postpartum diseases, severely affecting the health of both mothers and their children.
Is Mycoplasma truly so terrifying? In fact, Mycoplasma is one of the normal flora in women's reproductive tract. It can be detected in up to 60% of healthy people. It coexists with its host and does not exhibit symptoms of infection, only causing opportunistic infections under certain conditions.
That is to say, Mycoplasma is a conditionally pathogenic microorganism. If Mycoplasma is in normal carrier state, the immune system remains normal and there is no adverse pregnancy outcome when only Mycoplasma is present in the reproductive tract.
Moreover, many netizens have shared that with proper treatment and daily hygiene, it is very easy to cure and become pregnant and give birth.
Therefore, women who are trying to conceive should not worry so much.
*The medical content in this article is for reading reference only.
If you feel unwell, it is recommended to seek medical attention immediately. Please consult a healthcare professional in person for diagnosis and treatment.