Success rate of mother infant blocking of hepatitis B
Release time : 05/08/2025 09:30:02
Speaking of hepatitis B, there's a general feeling of trepidation among many.
There is currently no effective treatment for hepatitis B, which is a serious infectious disease. Once it occurs, there is no cure available; only medication and daily habits can be maintained to manage the condition.
There is considerable concern about hepatitis B mother-to-child transmission, so let's delve into the success rate of hepatitis B mother-to-child transmission and the routes of transmission before the intervention. The success rate of hepatitis B mother-to-child transmission is a matter of great interest for many mothers, as it concerns whether their children will be infected with this disease. Currently, the average rate of transmission from mother to child with hepatitis B is relatively high, at approximately 95%. To prevent the mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus, the most critical stage is during the postpartum period. The effective measures involve ensuring that newborns receive immunoprophylaxis, which can achieve a prevention rate of over 90%.
The specific method is in the late pregnancy, pregnant women should be injected once a week with high-intensity hepatitis B immune globulin until birth (about three months).
The infant should receive Hepatitis B vaccine within 12 hours, 1 month and 6 months after birth.
In addition, hepatitis B high-efficiency immunoglobulin must be added to enhance the blocking effect.
Before the implementation of Hepatitis B Mother-to-Child Transmission Prevention, mother-to-child transmission was one of the main routes of Hepatitis B virus transmission.
To reduce the infection risk for infants, it is essential to block these transmission routes. What are the transmission routes before hepatitis B mother-to-child transmission? 1. Intrauterine transmission: The infant is infected with hepatitis B virus during the intrauterine period through blood circulation in the mother's body, and most failure cases occur in this situation.
2. Transmission during childbirth: When childbirth causes the skin, mucous membranes or placenta to detach, the virus in mother's blood can enter the cord blood through the ruptured placenta.
Therefore, the possibility of infection entering the body of a newborn is greatest.
In the most common situation, amniotic fluid and vaginal secretions also contain HBV.
3. Horizontal transmission: Close contact between mother and child, breastfeeding, etc., can also lead to the transmission of hepatitis B virus.
The aim of hepatitis B mother-to-child transmission prevention is that many mothers are concerned about the possibility of their children being infected with hepatitis B during birth, as they themselves have been diagnosed with the disease before pregnancy.
In fact, through the form of maternal-fetal transmission blockade, it can effectively control the spread of diseases. Let's take a look at the purpose of hepatitis B maternal-fetal transmission blockade. Without taking certain measures, it is easy to transmit to the fetus, leading to hepatitis B in the newborn. Therefore, blocking the transmission from mother to child can avoid infection with the hepatitis B virus at its source.
After birth, active immunization and passive immunization are combined.
Active immunization means that the hepatitis B vaccine should be given to newborns within 24 hours, one month and six months after birth.
The earlier you get vaccinated, the better.
The first dose of the newborn must be administered within 24 hours after birth.
Administration of vaccines: It is advisable to administer the vaccine within 48 hours of birth, with a better effect if administered within the first 4 hours. Passive immunization involves administering hepatitis B immunoglobulin to newborns within 6 hours after birth.
During the process of hepatitis B mother-to-child transmission prevention, various indicators need to be monitored.
What indicators determine whether a mother can transmit the virus to her child? What are the relevant examination indicators for hepatitis B mother-to-child transmission prevention? 1. HBV-DNA (Hepatitis B Virus DNA): It is the direct sensitive indicator of Hepatitis B virus infection.
If the HBV-DNA test result is positive, it indicates that the hepatitis B virus is active and highly contagious, and the infection is proportional to the size of the value.
If the virus load of the reproductive age women is too high, antiviral treatment should be considered before pregnancy.
The concentration of hepatitis B virus in pregnant women is positively correlated with the risk of mother-to-child transmission: High risk: HBV-DNA >10^6; Low risk: HBV-DNA ranges from 10 to 3 to 10^6; Very low risk: HBV-DNA <10^3.
2. Hepatitis B: The infant should be tested at 24 hours postnatally, and at 7 and 12 months of age.
If the surface antigen is positive, then adding HBV-DNA can be used to determine whether maternal-fetal transmission has been successfully prevented.
If both pairs of antibodies are negative, and if HBV-DNA is below the detection limit, it can be confirmed that the block has been successful. If a child is examined at 7-12 months of age, the first (surface antigen) and/or third positive (E antigen) of HBV can still remain in the blood, or the positive result for HBV-DNA can be determined as essentially confirming failure of mother-to-child transmission.
While HBV mother-to-child transmission can effectively prevent the spread of the disease, it is also important to pay attention to other aspects of the disease. So what should be noted after HBV mother-to-child transmission? 1. Newborns need to receive hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin injections.
Hepatitis B immunoglobulin, as an exogenous antibody, can kill the hepatitis B virus rapidly, while the hepatitis B vaccine can only take effect half a month later.
Therefore, if only the hepatitis B vaccine is administered, it is impossible to prevent infection during childbirth. If the placenta is damaged and injured during pregnancy due to inflammation, the integrity of the fetal placental barrier can be compromised, allowing hepatitis B virus to directly infect the fetus. Therefore, mothers must take care to protect their abdominal area from punctures, impacts, crowding pressure, and shock, and prevent and treat sexually transmitted infections. Additionally, pregnant women are not required to receive hepatitis B immunoglobulin injections by the state or other institutions, and it is not recommended to administer them.
*The medical information provided in this text is for reference only.
In cases of discomfort, it is advised to seek medical attention immediately. The diagnosis and treatment should be based on a face-to-face consultation with a medical professional.