What is rubella

Release time : 12/13/2024 15:19:39

Flu syndrome, also known as rubella, is an acute febrile infectious disease characterized by low-grade fever, rash, and cervical lymphadenopathy in the posterior part of the neck. Generally, the condition is not severe and can be quickly controlled and cured. So what are the symptoms of flu syndrome? How do we determine if we have been infected with flu syndrome? Should prenatal examinations include a flu immunity check? These questions will be explained clearly to you in this article.

Rubella, also known as "fever sickness," scurvy, or "scarlet fever."

It is a common respiratory infectious disease in children, caused by rubella virus (RV), and an acute exanthemogenic infectious disease. Due to the rapid onset and resolution of rashes associated with rubella, it has earned its name "rubella" from the way it seems to come and go like a gust of wind.

The RV has a very low in vitro life cycle and is as infectious as measles.

It is usually spread through coughing, talking or sneezing.

Rubella, which is most common in children aged 1 to 5, rarely occurs in infants under 6 months because they have maternal antibodies that provide immunity.

One illness, which can lead to lifelong immunity and seldom recurring disease.

Clinically, the characteristic features include short prodromal period, low fever, rash, and cervical lymphadenopathy.

Generally, the condition is mild with a short duration and favorable prognosis.

However, infection with rubella in pregnant women can lead to severe fetal damage.

Induced Congenital Rubella Syndrome (FRS).

Rubella virus is a RNA virus, belonging to the family Togaviridae and is limited to humans.

The antigenic structure of rubella virus is very stable and only one type of antigen has been found.

Rubella virus can survive and proliferate in the placenta or fetus (and even several months or years after birth) to produce long-term, multisystemic chronic progressive infection.

However, the infectivity of rubella virus is weak in vitro, and it is sensitive to ultraviolet light, ethyl ether, cesium chloride, and deoxycholic acid.

pH < 3.0, which can be inactivated.

This virus is not heat-resistant.

Rubella symptoms, rubella is divided into congenital and acquired infections, and the symptoms of rubella in the two different situations are also different. Therefore, in order to more effectively treat it, let's take a look at the different symptoms of rubella now.

1. Acquired rubella, 1) The incubation period is generally 14 to 21 days.

2) The pre-frontal phase is relatively short, generally lasting from 1 to 3 days.

The common clinical manifestations during the febrile and catarrhal stage are mild fever and rhinitis, often overlooked due to their mildness or short duration.3) The characteristic clinical manifestation during the rash phase includes enlarged lymph nodes behind the ears, nape of the neck, and occipital region with tenderness, lasting for about one week.

The rash appears 24 hours after lymph node swelling and is polymorphic, mostly scattered papules. It can also present as large patches of skin redness or needle like scarlet fever like rash, starting on the face and spreading throughout the neck, trunk, arms, and finally to the feet within 24 hours.

The facial rash usually subsides, while the lower limb rash appears, usually lasting for 3 days, with very little peeling after consultation.

At the end of the prodromal period and in the early stage of eruption, red punctate mucosal rashes can be seen on the soft palate, which are similar to mucosal rashes caused by other viral infections and have no specificity.

During the rash, there may be a low-grade fever persisting for 1 to 3 days, and mild splenomegaly is common.

In young women, erythema multiforme may be accompanied by polyarthritis that is often symmetric and most often involves the proximal interphalangeal joints, palmar-plantar joints, knees, ankles, feet, shoulders, and spine.

Characteristically presenting with localized redness, swelling, pain, tenderness, and exudate, lasting from a few days to 2 weeks, with very few sequelae.

Additionally, there have been reports of abnormal sensations and testicular pain.

2. Congenital rubella syndrome, caused by the rubella virus inhibiting cellular mitosis, cell lysis, and placental chorionic villi inflammation, can lead to fetal injury and produce: 1) transient neonatal manifestations.

2) Permanent organ malformations and tissue injuries.

3. Chronic or autoimmune mediated late onset diseases, that may occur after the age of 2 years up to 20 years postnatally.

Rubella and urticaria are often confused with each other, as many people believe that they are the same or similar in symptoms. As a result, treatment is often indiscriminate, leading to ineffective treatment. However, they are distinct from each other, and it is essential to distinguish them to ensure effective treatment.

It is crucial to distinguish between eczema and erythema multiforme, as not treating the latter as a manifestation of the former can lead to misdiagnosis.

Both of these diseases are caused by viral infections or allergic reactions, but they become very apparent during periods of cooling and strong winds.

Rubella: A viral acute respiratory infectious disease, commonly occurring in winter and spring seasons, is highly contagious. It is usually transmitted through airborne droplets.

Rashes are most common in winter.

After the strong wind cools down, I start to feel symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections such as fever and cough. Later, it developed into a rash all over the body and unbearable itching.

Urticaria: a type of allergic skin disease, often seen in autumn and winter, especially during windy weather.

Allergens carried by the wind are extremely likely to cause attacks, and common foods can also cause illnesses.

When the attack occurs, many raised bumps resembling mosquito bites appear on the skin surface, increasing from a few to a large number, and appearing in groups. Generally, they disappear within one hour automatically.

It seems that although the occurrence of these two diseases has no direct connection with the wind, they are also inseparable. Moreover, their harm is quite significant.

Especially rubella, it has a much greater impact on the fetus and children.

Although urticaria usually only involves the skin, it is possible that it can also cause reactions in internal organs such as abdominal pain and diarrhea.

Severe acute autumn urticaria can also occur in the larynx, causing laryngeal edema and affecting the passage of respiration. This condition can lead to a range of symptoms associated with hypoxia, including difficulty breathing, oxygen deficiency syndrome, and other common complications that can severely affect organ function and potentially result in more serious complications.

Experts advise that after distinguishing between urticaria and rubella, it is crucial to follow medical advice and cooperate with treatment. Additionally, it is essential to take good care of both urticaria and rubella by maintaining warmth and hygiene.

Is shingles contagious? In fact, shingles is contagious because it is a condition caused by the infection of the rubeola virus. The rubeola virus can easily spread through droplets, especially in children who are particularly susceptible. Therefore, we should understand the transmission routes of shingles and try to prevent its infection as much as possible.

1. The patient with erythema infectiosum is the only source of infection, including subclinical or asymptomatic carriers, who actually number more than the number of cases. Therefore, they are an important source of infection that is often overlooked.

The infectious period is from 5 to 7 days before onset and 3 to 5 days after onset, with the highest infectivity occurring on the day of onset and the day before.

Patients can isolate viruses in the secretions of the mouth, nose, and throat, as well as in the blood and urine.

2. Transmission Pathways: Rhesus Maculopapular Encephalitis is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets, and close contact between individuals can also lead to transmission through direct contact.

Infants infected during pregnancy can shed the virus for weeks, months, or even years in their throats. Therefore, they may be exposed to infection through contaminated bottles, nipples, blankets, and other items, or by direct contact with family members who lack antibodies. This may lead to transmission within the infant's room.

Infection of fetus can cause miscarriage, stillbirth, premature birth or congenital rubella.

3. The susceptible population for rubella generally includes children aged 5 to 9 years, and individuals in their prime of life, including young adults and the elderly, are also prone to contracting the disease during its prevalence period.

Rubella is more commonly seen in winter and spring.

In recent years, the incidence has been more frequent during spring and summer, with epidemics occurring in groups such as kindergartens, schools, and military units.

Prenatal rubella immunity check, if pregnant women infected with rubella, it is easy to cause discomfort in the body and also will cause great harm to the fetus. Therefore, pregnant women can best do a rubella immunity check before giving birth, timely make appropriate maintenance measures.

According to statistics from the Chinese Ministry of Health, a total of 69860 cases of rubella were reported in China in 2009.

Rubella can occur year-round, predominantly in winter and spring, with a period of 3 to 5 years between epidemics, presenting as a cyclic disease.

If a pregnant woman has rubella in the early months of pregnancy (the first three months), there is great danger to the fetus.

Pregnant women may experience miscarriage, or the baby may eventually develop various birth defects and developmental disorders.

Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) refers to a series of issues caused by the baby being born with rubella virus.

Infection during the 8th to 12th weeks of pregnancy with rubella virus results in more than half of the fetuses developing congenital rubella syndrome. Infection after 20 weeks of gestation is rare.

Given the risk that rubella poses to the fetus, it is advisable for you to undergo a rubella immunity test before pregnancy. If possible, get a rubella immune test done before getting pregnant.

If you haven't done it before, then it would be a good idea to have the rubella test done during your first prenatal checkup.

If the test results show that both IgM and IgG of rubella virus are negative, then you are susceptible to rubella.

Rubella has been included in China's immunization program.

If you have a test that shows you are not immune to rubella before pregnancy, you should get the rubella vaccine.

If you have not been vaccinated against rubella, it is very important to test for immunity during pregnancy.

Rubella, also known as German measles, is different from ordinary measles. Having immunity to rubella does not mean you have immunity to other types of measles.

What should pregnant women do if they contract rubella? If you accidentally contract rubella during pregnancy, it is a serious matter for both the mother and the baby. So, what should pregnant women do if they contract rubella? Even if you are immune to rubella during pregnancy, you should go to the hospital.

Despite being immune for life after once contracting rubella, there is still a very small chance of re-infection. However, the risk of re-infection causing harm to the fetus is minimal.

If possible, avoid direct contact with pregnant women in the obstetrics department to prevent the transmission of rubella virus.

First, call the hospital to ask if they can arrange a consultation for infectious disease triage, or whether individuals can take protective measures on their own.

In hospitals, blood tests are used to detect if a person has been infected with rubella. A test is done at 2 weeks after the first test, and sometimes again after 4 weeks.

If the detection in the future shows that your antibodies to rubella virus are different from those detected at first, it indicates that you have recently been infected with rubella virus.

IgM and IgG antibodies can help determine whether an infection with rubella virus is primary or recurrent, current infection or past infection.

If you have an infection during the early stages of pregnancy, you need to visit the obstetrics department.

Currently, there is no effective treatment for rubella and no method to prevent the onset of rubella after exposure to the rubella virus.

If you choose to have children, doctors will quickly administer immune globulin to reduce the likelihood of congenital malformations. However, this does not prevent the baby from being infected with rubella and still requires appropriate examinations to diagnose any malformations.

Due to the possibility of miscarriage and birth defects from early pregnancy infection with rubella, most pregnant women need to terminate their pregnancies.

The medical information presented in this text is for reference only and should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice.

In case of discomfort, it is recommended to seek medical advice immediately. The diagnosis and treatment should be based on the professional assessment during a face-to-face consultation.